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Volume 7 Issue 10
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Alliance Cohesion Under Hegemonic Leadership: A Comparative Analysis of NATO and CSTO Crisis Response

Author(s) Siddharth Kathane
Country India
Abstract The paper looks at two different paths of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) in the context of crisis intervention, specifically at NATO's Afghanistan mission (2001-2021) and CSTO's Kazakhstan operation (Jan 2022) as comparative case studies. Both organisations have formal mechanisms for consensus based decision making and have collective defence clauses, but not all that effective or cohesive. This study contends that hegemonic dependency, namely the structural focus of military power and political initiative in a single member state, generates a trade-off between the two: decisiveness and institutional legitimacy. The CSTO's quick and efficient response in Kazakhstan within two weeks was tactical but also exposed as the role of the CSTO as an internal instrument for regime security for a select group of authoritarian regimes, thus creating legitimacy problems for other member states with conflicting security interests. Burden sharing was diffused among NATO, allowing for continuity of operations but leaving to the end of each mission a chronic coordination issue and eventual failure. The results offer insights into alliance theory in that they show that consensus alone is not enough to create cohesion, rather the power imbalances and shared norms are important.
Published In Volume 7, Issue 10, October 2026
Published On 2026-10-10
DOI https://doi.org/10.70528/IJLRP.v7.i10.2452
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