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Twist, Throw and Recover: Physiotherapy Management of Injuries in Shot Put Players A Narrative Review

Author(s) Ms. Kanak Gyan Gupta, Ms. Abhilasha Rakesh Vishwakarma, Ms. Rutuja Ravindra Gurav, Dr. Shashwat Joshi, Prof. Priyaranjan Chaudhary
Country India
Abstract Abstract
Background:
Shot put is a throwing event that requires rapid and coordinated movement of the lower limbs, pelvis, trunk, and upper limb. The rotational and twisting components of the throwing action can place considerable mechanical demands on the musculoskeletal system. Appropriate physiotherapy assessment and rehabilitation may help address mobility restrictions, muscle weakness, strength asymmetry, and impaired kinetic-chain coordination associated with athletic performance and injury risk. However, evidence specifically addressing twisting injuries and physiotherapy management in shot put athletes remains limited.
Objective:
The objective of this narrative review was to examine the available evidence regarding injuries in shot put players and to identify relevant physiotherapy approaches for assessment, rehabilitation, and injury prevention.
Methodology:
A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. Searches were performed using combinations of keywords related to shot put, shot put athletes, twisting injury, rotational injury, throwing athletes, overhead athletes, sports injury, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, and injury prevention. The Boolean operators AND and OR were used to combine search terms. Articles published from 2020 onwards were considered. Studies involving male and female athletes were eligible, including randomized controlled trials, observational studies, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, case reports, case series, and relevant review articles. Studies involving shot-put athletes were prioritized, while research involving related throwing and overhead athletes was included as supporting evidence when direct shot-put literature was limited. Studies unrelated to athletic populations, rotational or throwing activities, physiotherapy, injury mechanisms, rehabilitation, or prevention were excluded. A total of 8 relevant articles were included in the narrative review.
Results:
The reviewed literature indicated that rotational athletic performance is influenced by the interaction of strength, mobility, neuromuscular control, and coordination. Kinematic-chain training in university shot-put athletes was associated with improvements in throwing distance and shoulder muscle strength. Video analysis also demonstrated differences between glide and rotational shot-put techniques, indicating that throwing technique may influence performance characteristics. Evidence from related throwing populations suggested associations between restricted cervical mobility and throwing-related shoulder or elbow problems. Studies of athletic populations additionally identified differences in muscle activation and limb strength, highlighting the importance of assessing asymmetry and movement control. Collectively, the findings support a comprehensive physiotherapy approach incorporating kinetic-chain strengthening, mobility training, neuromuscular control, rotational stability, sport-specific training, and progressive return to throwing.
Conclusion:
The available evidence suggests that physiotherapy management of twisting and rotational problems in shot put should address the athlete as a whole kinetic chain rather than focusing only on the symptomatic region. Assessment of strength, mobility, muscle balance, trunk control, movement coordination, and throwing technique may assist in developing an individualized rehabilitation programme. Nevertheless, direct research on twisting injuries specifically in shot-put athletes is limited, and evidence from other throwing populations should therefore be interpreted cautiously. Further shot-put-specific research is required to establish evidence-based rehabilitation and injury-prevention strategies.
Keywords Shot put; twisting injury; rotational injury; physiotherapy; rehabilitation; throwing athletes; kinetic chain; injury prevention.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 10, October 2026
Published On 2026-10-06
DOI https://doi.org/10.70528/IJLRP.v7.i10.2435
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