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Spatial Variation in Physicochemical Characteristics of River Ganga Water Across Different Ghats of Patna, Bihar, India

Author(s) Prof. Kalpana Shahi, Dr. Brameshwar
Country India
Abstract The present study assessed the spatial variation in the physicochemical characteristics of River Ganga water across seven selected ghats of Patna, Bihar, India. Water samples were collected from three closely spaced spatial points at each ghat during 2019, representing Digha Ghat, Gandhi Ghat, Krishna Ghat, Kali Ghat, Gulbi Ghat, Loharwa Ghat and Gai Ghat. Thirteen physicochemical parameters, including temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, nitrate and sulphate, were analysed using standard analytical procedures. The results demonstrated a distinct spatial pattern across the investigated river stretch. Temperature varied only slightly (24.8–25.8 °C), whereas pH declined from 7.72 at Digha Ghat to 7.38 at Gai Ghat. Turbidity, EC and TDS increased from 18.6 to 32.5 NTU, 392 to 501 µS/cm and 255 to 326 mg/L, respectively. Similar increasing trends were observed for hardness, alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, nitrate and sulphate, with the highest concentrations generally recorded at Gai Ghat. One-way ANOVA indicated significant spatial differences (p < 0.05) for 12 of the 13 parameters, while temperature showed no significant spatial variation (p = 0.183). The pronounced variation in EC, TDS, chloride, nitrate and turbidity indicates spatial differences in the dissolved and suspended chemical characteristics of the river water. The observed patterns may reflect the combined influence of natural geochemical processes and localized anthropogenic inputs associated with the urban river corridor. However, the physicochemical data alone do not establish specific pollution sources. The findings highlight the importance of spatially resolved monitoring for effective assessment and management of water quality along the urban stretch of the Ganga River.
Keywords River Ganga, Patna, physicochemical characteristics, spatial variation. water quality, turbidity, electrical conductivity, nitrate, one-way ANOVA.
Published In Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2021
Published On 2021-07-03
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