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Volume 7 Issue 9
September 2026

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Geospatial Intelligence for Strategic Border Infrastructure Planning in India

Author(s) Shantanu Mishra
Country India
Abstract India's land frontiers with China and Pakistan span approximately 15,106 kilometres of terrain that is among the most topographically demanding and strategically consequential on earth. The accelerating pace of infrastructural build-up by adversarial actors along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and the persistent connectivity deficits within India's own border districts have brought the question of evidence-based, spatially informed infrastructure planning to the forefront of national security discourse. This paper examines how Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT), integrating Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) processing, satellite imagery interpretation, and terrain suitability modelling, can serve as an effective analytical foundation for strategic border infrastructure planning in India. Focussing on four operationally significant sectors — Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and Uttarakhand — the study employs a qualitative-geospatial methodological approach to identify infrastructure gaps, terrain constraints, climate-induced vulnerabilities, and dual-use infrastructure opportunities. A conceptual Multi-Layer Geospatial Intelligence Framework (ML-GIF) is proposed as a structured decision-support model adaptable to India's existing institutional landscape. Findings indicate that systematic GEOINT application can reduce planning inefficiencies, strengthen deterrence through informed infrastructure sequencing, and enhance the operational readiness of agencies such as the Border Roads Organisation. The paper concludes with targeted policy recommendations for the Ministry of Defence, ISRO, the Survey of India, and allied planning bodies.
Keywords Geospatial Intelligence; Border Infrastructure; GIS; Remote Sensing; LiDAR; Terrain Analysis; National Security; India
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Published In Volume 7, Issue 9, September 2026
Published On 2026-09-10
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IJLRP's Crossref DOI prefix is
10.70528/IJLRP

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