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Digital Democracy and the Transformation of Political Participation in India: Emerging Trends and Democratic Challenges

Author(s) Anjuma Ahmed Nargis
Country India
Abstract Digitalisation has progressively changed the character of democratic participation in India, opening up new spaces for political communication, mobilisation and interaction between citizens and the government. This paper examines the emerging trends and democratic challenges of digital political participation in India, during the period 2014-2024, characterised by rapid growth of internet connectivity and the 2014, 2019 and 2024 Lok Sabha elections. The study is based on secondary data collected from authentic sources such as the Election Commission of India (ECI), the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India reports and relevant scholarly literature. The analysis reveals that social media engagement, online political discussion, digital campaigning, youth mobilisation, hashtag activism and direct communication between political actors and citizens have opened up political participation through digital platforms. Evidence also suggests that social-media news consumption and political interest are linked to greater levels of online political participation in India (Ahmed, 2024). But digital democracy still has to contend with the digital divide, misinformation, political polarisation, privacy concerns, online hate speech and AI-generated deepfakes. The paper argues that digitalisation has created a fundamental democratic paradox: while it creates opportunities for political participation, unequal access and new forms of digital manipulation can undermine inclusive and informed engagement. Digital inclusion, media and online literacy, data protection, responsible platform governance and safeguards against AI-enabled manipulation are key for enhancing India’s digital democracy, the study finds
Keywords Digital Democracy; Political Participation; Social Media; Digital Divide; Electoral Politics; Misinformation
Field Sociology > Politics
Published In Volume 7, Issue 8, August 2026
Published On 2026-08-29
DOI https://doi.org/10.70528/IJLRP.v7.i8.2367
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