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Digital Dharma: Balancing Efficiency, Ethics, and Democratic Values in India's AI-Powered Administrative Systems

Author(s) Lt. Dr. Kongala Sukumar
Country India
Abstract India's public administration is undergoing a rapid shift toward artificial intelligence, with predictive analytics, facial recognition, chatbots, and algorithmic eligibility engines now mediating access to welfare, policing, taxation, and municipal services. This paper examines the tension between the efficiency gains promised by these systems and the ethical and constitutional commitments that underpin Indian democratic governance. Drawing on the concept of dharma — duty calibrated to context and consequence — the paper argues that algorithmic governance in India requires a situational, rather than purely technocratic, ethics. It surveys major AI deployments across central and state governments, documents exclusion and due-process harms alongside measured efficiency gains, and compares India's emerging oversight architecture with the European Union's risk-based regulatory model and the United Kingdom's sector-specific approach. The analysis finds that India's administrative AI ecosystem has outpaced its accountability infrastructure, producing a governance gap most acute for citizens with limited digital literacy or documentation. The paper proposes a “digital dharma” framework built on proportionality, contestability, and distributed oversight, offering a culturally grounded alternative to imported regulatory templates while remaining compatible with international best practice.
Keywords artificial intelligence governance, Indian public administration, algorithmic accountability, digital ethics, e-governance, administrative law, dharma, democratic legitimacy
Published In Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2024
Published On 2024-05-09
DOI https://doi.org/10.70528/IJLRP.v5.i5.2353
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