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Inclusive by Design? Gender, Equity, and Ethical AI in Indian Public Service Delivery

Author(s) Lt. Dr. Kongala Sukumar
Country India
Abstract India's rapid embrace of artificial intelligence (AI) in public service delivery—spanning welfare targeting, biometric authentication, and administrative decision-making—has been framed by policymakers as a route to efficiency, transparency, and inclusive growth. This paper interrogates that framing through a gender lens, arguing that AI systems deployed within Indian e-governance infrastructures risk reproducing and even amplifying pre-existing gender inequities unless deliberately designed for inclusion. Drawing on secondary data from national and international sources, including the Oxfam India Inequality Report, the GSMA Mobile Gender Gap Report, and NITI Aayog's Responsible AI approach documents, the paper examines three interlinked dimensions: the gendered digital divide that conditions access to AI-mediated services; documented instances of algorithmic exclusion in Aadhaar-linked welfare schemes; and the institutional and regulatory apparatus currently governing AI in India. The analysis finds that women, particularly in rural and informal-sector contexts, face compounding barriers of connectivity, digital literacy, and biometric authentication failure that are largely invisible in existing AI governance frameworks. The paper proposes a gender-responsive design framework built around data disaggregation, participatory audits, human-in-the-loop grievance redress, and gender-diverse AI development teams, arguing that ethical AI in public administration cannot be achieved without explicit attention to gender equity at every stage of the design and deployment pipeline.
Keywords ethical AI, gender equity, digital divide, e-governance, algorithmic bias, public service delivery, India.
Published In Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2023
Published On 2023-03-02
DOI https://doi.org/10.70528/IJLRP.v4.i3.2352
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