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Euthanasia and the Right to Die with Dignity : A Critical Analysis of the Harish Rana Case (2026) in India

Author(s) Nancy Dewan
Country India
Abstract Euthanasia is undoubtedly one of the most controversial topics in modern legal and medical ethics, with deep ethical and philosophical questions about the sanctity of life, autonomy, and the right to die with dignity. In India, the legal recognition of passive euthanasia has been progressing from judicial pronouncements, starting with Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India (2011) and subsequently strengthened by Common Cause (A Regd. Society) v. Union of India (2018), a case which established the constitutional right to die with dignity under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. The Supreme Court's judgment in the Harish Rana v. Union of India (2026), too, is a significant landmark case. The Supreme Court of India allowed passive euthanasia but attached great importance to the safe and strict procedures. This study will critically analyze the legal, constitutional and ethical aspects of passive euthanasia in India in the context of the Harish Rana v. Union of India (2026) case. The study considers the procedural safeguards laid down by the Supreme Court of India to accommodate the rights of the individual and to prevent their misuse. The study also traces the development of the legal jurisprudence relating to the passive euthanasia in India by examining the interpretation of Article 21 of the Constitution and its linkage with the concepts of human dignity, personal liberty, and informed consent. It looks at the judicial reasoning that has been used by the Supreme Court of India to develop the law on passive euthanasia and considers whether the current judicial system is providing sufficient protection for the interests of terminally ill patients, while at the same time protecting vulnerable people from being coerced or misused to death.
Field Sociology > Administration / Law / Management
Published In Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2026
Published On 2026-07-29
DOI https://doi.org/10.70528/IJLRP.v7.i7.2331
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