International Journal of Leading Research Publication
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Volume 7 Issue 8
August 2026
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A Review of Wi-Fi Evolution from Wi-Fi 4 to Wi-Fi 7 and Its Implications for Internet of Things Connectivity
| Author(s) | Shirin Bahar |
|---|---|
| Country | India |
| Abstract | Wi-Fi has become one of the most widely used ways to connect Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and each generation of the standard has changed what IoT deployments can do. This review traces the evolution of Wi-Fi from Wi-Fi 4 (IEEE 802.11n) through Wi-Fi 5, Wi-Fi 6 and 6E, and Wi-Fi 7 (IEEE 802.11be), and it explains how the features introduced along the way affect IoT connectivity in practice. The mechanisms that matter most for constrained and dense deployments are examined, including Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Target Wake Time (TWT), the move into the 6 GHz band, and Multi-Link Operation (MLO). Wi-Fi HaLow (IEEE 802.11ah), the sub-1 GHz variant built specifically for long-range, low-power IoT, is also covered, together with the security improvements introduced with WPA3. For each generation the relevant features are summarised, along with the gains they bring for IoT and their limitations. The review closes with the open challenges that remain, including energy, coexistence, and interoperability, and a look ahead to Wi-Fi 8 (IEEE 802.11bn). A clear and current map of how Wi-Fi has evolved, and of what each step means for connecting things, is intended to be provided for practitioners and researchers. |
| Keywords | IoT Connectivity, Wi-Fi 6, Wi-Fi 7, Wi-Fi HaLow, Target Wake Time, Multi-Link Operation |
| Field | Computer > Network / Security |
| Published In | Volume 7, Issue 8, August 2026 |
| Published On | 2026-08-05 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.70528/IJLRP.v7.i8.2321 |
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IJLRP's Crossref DOI prefix is
10.70528/IJLRP
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