Patent Genome Theory: A Dynamic Organizational Genetics Framework for Innovation Capability in Higher Education

Anchal Agarwal; Ashok Kr. Sharma

Patent Genome Theory: A Dynamic Organizational Genetics Framework for Innovation Capability in Higher Education

Author(s)	Ms. Anchal Agarwal, Dr. Ashok Kr. Sharma
Country	India
Abstract	Innovation has become a strategic mission of higher education institutions, where patents increasingly serve as indicators of research excellence, technological advancement, and socio-economic impact. Despite operating within similar legal and policy environments, universities exhibit substantial differences in their ability to generate, protect, and commercialize intellectual property. Existing studies generally explain these differences through isolated determinants such as institutional policy, research funding, patent awareness, legal support, incentives, or industry collaboration. Although these factors are important, they provide only a fragmented understanding of institutional innovation capability because they overlook the interaction among organizational components. This paper proposes Patent Genome Theory (PGT), a new conceptual framework that explains institutional innovation capability through an organizational genetics perspective. The theory conceptualizes every university as possessing a Patent Genome consisting of three organizational chromosomes and seven interdependent organizational genes that collectively regulate patent generation, intellectual property management, and commercialization. It further introduces four original constructs—Patent Gene Expression, Patent Mutation, Patent Fitness, and the Patent Genome Measurement Framework—to explain how organizational capability develops, evolves, and influences innovation outcomes. Unlike existing innovation theories that primarily emphasize resources, knowledge, organizational adaptation, or external collaboration, Patent Genome Theory focuses on the internal organizational architecture responsible for sustained patent capability. The paper also proposes measurable constructs for future empirical validation and discusses theoretical as well as practical implications for universities, policymakers, and innovation managers. By integrating organizational genetics with patent management, Patent Genome Theory provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and strengthening innovation ecosystems in higher education.
Keywords	Patent Genome Theory; Organizational Genetics; Innovation Capability; Higher Education; Patent Management; Technology Transfer; Intellectual Property; Organizational Innovation.
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2026
Published On	2026-07-25

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Patent Genome Theory: A Dynamic Organizational Genetics Framework for Innovation Capability in Higher Education

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