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Comparative Study of Different Extraction Methods for Caffeine Extraction and Determination of the Maximum Yield

Author(s) Mr. Sourav Saha, Ms. Anuta Sarkar, Mr. Alok Raj, Mr. Satya Prakash Kumar, Mr. Rishikesh Kumar Yadav
Country India
Abstract Caffeine is a naturally occurring methylxanthine alkaloid extensively utilized in pharmaceutical formulations, functional foods, and beverages because of its stimulant and therapeutic properties. The effectiveness of caffeine isolation largely depends on the extraction technique employed. The present investigation was undertaken to compare five commonly used extraction methods—maceration, percolation, decoction, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and Soxhlet extraction—for the recovery of caffeine from Camellia sinensis leaves under comparable laboratory conditions. Equal quantities of powdered tea leaves were processed using water as the primary extraction medium, followed by purification through liquid-liquid extraction. The recovered caffeine was dried, weighed, and extraction yield was calculated to evaluate the efficiency of each method. Considerable variation in extraction performance was observed among the techniques. Maceration produced the lowest recovery because of slow solvent diffusion, whereas percolation and decoction resulted in moderate yields. Ultrasound-assisted extraction significantly improved caffeine recovery by enhancing cell disruption and mass transfer while reducing extraction time. Soxhlet extraction demonstrated the highest extraction efficiency, yielding 3.28% caffeine, followed by UAE (0.54%), decoction (0.40%), percolation (0.29%), and maceration (0.23%). The overall extraction efficiency followed the order: Soxhlet > Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction > Decoction > Percolation > Maceration. These findings indicate that Soxhlet extraction remains the most effective technique for exhaustive laboratory-scale caffeine recovery, whereas UAE represents a promising rapid and energy-efficient alternative. The study provides practical information for selecting suitable extraction strategies in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food-processing applications.
Keywords Keywords: Caffeine extraction, Camellia sinensis, Soxhlet extraction, Ultrasound-assisted extraction, Maceration, Percolation, Decoction, Extraction yield, Alkaloids, Pharmaceutical analysis.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2026
Published On 2026-07-17
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IJLRP's Crossref DOI prefix is
10.70528/IJLRP

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