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Impact of Cobalt Exposure on Human Health: A Review of Toxicological and Epidemiological Evidence

Author(s) Dr. Arindam Basu
Country India
Abstract Cobalt is a naturally occurring trace element that plays an essential role in human health as a component of vitamin B12. However, excessive exposure to cobalt through environmental, occupational, and industrial sources has raised significant public health concerns worldwide. This review paper examines the toxicological and epidemiological evidence regarding the impact of cobalt exposure on human health. The study synthesizes findings from scientific literature, environmental health reports, and epidemiological investigations to evaluate the sources, pathways, and health consequences of cobalt exposure. Evidence indicates that prolonged or high-level exposure to cobalt may lead to adverse health effects, including respiratory disorders, cardiovascular complications, thyroid dysfunction, neurological impairments, skin allergies, and potential carcinogenic outcomes. Occupational exposure among workers in mining, metallurgy, battery manufacturing, and related industries has been identified as a major risk factor. Epidemiological studies further suggest associations between cobalt exposure and chronic health conditions, particularly in populations residing near industrial areas. The review highlights the mechanisms of cobalt toxicity, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage, which contribute to adverse biological outcomes. Additionally, the paper discusses current regulatory standards, risk assessment approaches, and preventive measures aimed at minimizing cobalt-related health hazards. The findings emphasize the need for continuous environmental monitoring, occupational safety measures, and public health interventions to reduce exposure risks. This review contributes to the growing body of knowledge on cobalt toxicity and provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and health professionals concerned with environmental and occupational health protection.
Keywords Cobalt Exposure, Human Health, Toxicology, Epidemiology, Heavy Metals, Occupational Health, Environmental Pollution, Public Health, Risk Assessment.
Field Biology > Zoology
Published In Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2026
Published On 2026-01-07
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