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OTA Update Assurance for Energy and Charging Functions in SDVs

Author(s) Abhishek Devgan
Country India
Abstract The OTA software updates have become a standard feature of the current software-defined vehicles (SDVs) and allow manufacturers to refine, patch, and improve vehicle functionality remotely across its lifecycle of operation. OTA updates have been applied successfully to infotainment and connectivity areas, but when applied to safety-critical energy and charging subsystems, such as battery management systems (BMS), vehicle charging management systems (VCMS), energy control units (ECUs) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interfaces, present a unique and challenging assurance challenge. The paper is an analytical discussion of the validation and rollback strategies that are implemented in OTA updates that have a direct impact on EV energy and charging operations. The assessment models, secure update models, formal verification models, and staged deployment models. The present state of the art, gaps in research, and the changing regulatory environment comprising of ISO 21434, UN R156, and the Uptane standard. The energy OTA updates demand multi-tier hardware-in-loop validation, cryptographically anchored rollback partitions, and compatibility checks at the ecosystem level, in addition to those needed by typical vehicle software. The research suggests a unified assurance framework consisting of the threat modelling, staged rollout governance and automated anomaly-based rollback that is to EV energy systems.
Keywords Over-the-Air (OTA) Update, Software-Defined Vehicle (SDV), Battery Management System (BMS), Vehicle Charging Management System (VCMS), Rollback Strategy, Validation Framework, Electric Vehicle (EV), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Uptane, Cybersecurity, ISO 21434, Staged Deployment, Firmware Update.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2024
Published On 2024-03-07
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20347997
Short DOI https://doi.org/hb48mv
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