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A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Framework for Drone Swarm Border Surveillance

Author(s) Mr. Anmol Kumar Singh, Dr. Upendra Kumar Srivastava
Country India
Abstract Abstract
Border surveillance presents unique challenges requiring persistent monitoring, rapid response, and adaptive coordination across large, dynamic environments. Drone swarms, with their scalability and flexibility, offer a promising solution, but effective deployment demands intelligent decision-making under uncertainty. This paper proposes a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) framework for drone swarm border surveillance, where each drone acts as an autonomous agent capable of cooperative sensing, patrolling, and threat detection. The framework leverages decentralized policies with shared global objectives, enabling drones to balance exploration and exploitation while adapting to adversarial intrusions and environmental variability. A reward structure is designed to encourage coverage efficiency, minimize energy consumption, and maximize detection accuracy. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed MARL approach outperforms baseline strategies in terms of surveillance coverage, resilience to agent loss, and adaptability to dynamic border conditions. The results highlight the potential of MARL-driven drone swarms as a scalable, intelligent, and robust solution for next-generation border security operations.
Keywords MALR, Drone swarms, Surveillance , MADDPG
Field Computer > Artificial Intelligence / Simulation / Virtual Reality
Published In Volume 7, Issue 3, March 2026
Published On 2026-03-30
DOI https://doi.org/10.70528/IJLRP.v7.i3.2027
Short DOI https://doi.org/hbvwc4

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