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Civil Society and Workplace Safety: Evaluating NGO Participation in Sexual Harassment Redressal Mechanisms

Author(s) Ms. Nidhi Sharma, Dr. Pranay Kumar Aaditya
Country India
Abstract Workplace sexual harassment remains a significant challenge to gender equality, dignity, and safety in professional environments. In India, the enactment of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 marked an important step toward institutionalizing preventive and remedial mechanisms against workplace harassment. The Act mandates the constitution of Internal Complaints Committees (ICCs) and requires the inclusion of an external member from a non-governmental organization or an association committed to women’s rights. This provision recognizes the crucial role of civil society in ensuring impartiality, transparency, and accountability in workplace grievance redressal systems.
This paper examines the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in strengthening sexual harassment redressal mechanisms within workplaces. It evaluates how NGO participation contributes to awareness generation, procedural fairness in inquiry processes, survivor support, and compliance monitoring under the legal framework established by the landmark judgment in Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan and subsequently codified in the POSH Act. Drawing upon available reports, corporate disclosures, and government data, the study highlights the growing number of reported complaints alongside the persistent problem of underreporting due to fear of retaliation and institutional bias.
The research further analyzes the practical challenges faced in implementing the statutory requirement of NGO participation, including tokenistic representation, limited training of committee members, and weak compliance mechanisms, particularly in the informal sector. The study argues that effective collaboration between employers, government institutions, and civil society organizations is essential for building safer and more equitable workplaces. Strengthening NGO engagement through capacity-building, structured monitoring frameworks, and broader outreach initiatives can significantly enhance the effectiveness of workplace sexual harassment redressal mechanisms and advance the broader goals of gender justice and human rights protection.
Keywords NGOs, POSH Act, human rights
Field Sociology > Administration / Law / Management
Published In Volume 7, Issue 3, March 2026
Published On 2026-03-11
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