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Behavioural Theories and Financial Inclusion: A comprehensive Theoretical Exploration

Author(s) Ritu Singh, Bhagya Shree Tiwari, Prof. Kaushal Kishore Shukla
Country India
Abstract Financial inclusion has emerged as a central concern in development and policy debates; however, participation in formal financial systems continues to remain uneven across populations. Beyond income and access constraints, individuals’ engagement with financial services is strongly shaped by behavioural factors such as attitudes, social influence, confidence, habits, perceptions of risk, and prior experiences. While existing studies acknowledge these influences, the theoretical foundations explaining such behavioural responses are dispersed across disciplines and are often examined in isolation. The aim of this research paper is to bring these perspectives together by examining a range of behavioural theories that help explain why individuals adopt or avoid financial products and services.
To accomplish this, the study utilises the Scopus database and a PRISMA-based systematic literature review methodology to identify, filter, and compile relevant studies on financial inclusion and human behaviour from 2010 to 2025. Initially, 104 papers were identified, analysed for relevance, and subsequently refined to high-quality papers that satisfies the inclusion criteria.
This paper consolidates key behavioural theories, instead of focusing on a single explanatory lens, demonstrates how these theories collectively enrich understanding of why individuals adopt, delay, or avoid formal financial products and services. In the process, it also highlights the main conceptual gaps in current studies. The exploration provides a systematic theoretical framework to researcher that can aid in the formulation of hypotheses, the selection of variables, and the integration of models in empirical study.
Keywords Human Behavioural Approaches, Behavioural Theories, Financial Literacy, Financial Inclusion
Field Business Administration
Published In Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2025
Published On 2025-12-30
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