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Regulating ESG Disclosures in India: Greenwashing and Legal Accountability

Author(s) Dr. Subholaxmi Mukherjee
Country India
Abstract Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures have emerged as a central instrument of corporate accountability in the era of sustainable finance. In India, ESG reporting has transitioned from a largely voluntary exercise to a quasi-mandatory regulatory obligation, particularly following the introduction of the Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR) framework by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). While enhanced disclosures aim to promote transparency and responsible corporate conduct, they have also given rise to the growing phenomenon of greenwashing—the practice of making misleading or unsubstantiated sustainability claims. This article critically examines India’s evolving ESG disclosure regime, the legal risks posed by greenwashing, and the emerging frameworks of regulatory and judicial accountability. It argues that effective ESG regulation requires a convergence of securities law, consumer protection, competition law, environmental regulation, and constitutional principles, supported by robust enforcement mechanisms and procedural safeguards.
Keywords ESG disclosures, Greenwashing, Corporate sustainability, Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR), SEBI regulation, Securities law, Corporate governance, Environmental accountability, Investor protection, Director liability, Consumer protection law, Competition law, Climate governance, Regulatory enforcement, Administrative law, Transparency and disclosure, Constitutional principles, Market integrity
Field Sociology > Administration / Law / Management
Published In Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2025
Published On 2025-12-20
DOI https://doi.org/10.70528/IJLRP.v6.i12.1880
Short DOI https://doi.org/hbhfgn
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