Review Article: Sickle Cell Anaemia in India —Epidemiological, Clinical, and Public Health Perspectives

Author(s)	Dr Indra Pratap Singh, Dr R C Gupta, Dr Neha Singh, Dr Abhishek Singh
Country	India
Abstract	Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a genetic hemoglobinopathy caused by a point mutation (Glu6Val) in the β-globin gene on chromosome 11, leading to the substitution of valine for glutamic acid and the formation of abnormal haemoglobin S (HbS). Under hypoxic conditions, HbS polymerizes, causing red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped, resulting in chronic hemolytic anaemia, vaso-occlusive crises, and multi-organ damage. In India, SCA predominantly affects tribal and some non-tribal populations across Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Gujarat, and parts of Tamil Nadu, where carrier frequencies range from 1% to 40%, posing significant regional and genetic diversity in disease burden. The autosomal recessive inheritance pattern leads to a 25% risk of disease occurrence in offspring when both parents are carriers, highlighting the urgent need for widespread premarital and antenatal genetic screening.
Keywords	Sickle cell anaemia, India, epidemiology, anaemia, newborn screening, tribal health, hemoglobinopathy, public health
Field	Biology > Genetics / Molecular
Published In	Volume 6, Issue 10, October 2025
Published On	2025-10-29
DOI	https://doi.org/10.70528/IJLRP.v6.i10.1805
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g98nd6

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