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Nutritional Deficiencies in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Public Health Concern

Author(s) Aditi Vohra
Country India
Abstract Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women constitute a vulnerable demographic facing an elevated risk of nutritional deficiencies due to physiological, hormonal, and lifestyle transitions. The decline in estrogen levels during and after menopause alters metabolic processes, impairs nutrient absorption, and decreases bone density, thereby heightening the risk of chronic health conditions such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decline. This paper explores the prevalence, underlying causes, and health implications of key micronutrient deficiencies—particularly iron, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folate—among middle-aged women.
A review of recent epidemiological studies reveals a widespread prevalence of these deficiencies in both developed and developing nations, with notably high rates of vitamin D and calcium insufficiency linked to bone degeneration. Iron and folate deficiencies continue to be common in perimenopausal women, contributing to fatigue, compromised immunity, and cognitive impairments. Socioeconomic status, dietary habits, cultural practices, and limited awareness significantly impact the nutritional well-being of this population. The issue is further exacerbated in low-resource settings where dietary diversity is minimal and healthcare access remains limited.
Effective strategies to combat these deficiencies include dietary diversification, food fortification, targeted supplementation, and individualized nutrition counselling. The integration of awareness initiatives and menopause-specific nutritional guidelines within public health frameworks can significantly improve outcomes. Emphasis is also placed on the importance of lifestyle modifications, including regular physical activity and balanced diets, in supporting long-term health and wellness.
This study highlights the urgent need to recognize and address nutritional deficiencies among middle-aged women as a critical public health concern, calling for coordinated efforts among healthcare providers, policymakers, and community stakeholders to implement sustainable, evidence-based interventions.
Keywords Nutrient deficiencies, perimenopausal women, postmenopausal women, calcium, vitamin D, public health.
Field Sociology > Home Science
Published In Volume 6, Issue 7, July 2025
Published On 2025-07-01
Cite This Nutritional Deficiencies in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Public Health Concern - Aditi Vohra - IJLRP Volume 6, Issue 7, July 2025.
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