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Enhancing Deadlock Management in Distributed Databases using Serializable Snapshot Isolation

Author(s) Vipul Kumar Bondugula
Country India
Abstract Snapshot Isolation (SI) is a concurrency control mechanism used in many modern relational and distributed database systems. It provides a consistent snapshot of the database to each transaction at the time it begins, which ensures that reads do not block writes and writes do not block reads. SI effectively eliminates many traditional concurrency anomalies such as dirty reads and non-repeatable reads, and it enables a high level of concurrency without relying on strict locking mechanisms. Each transaction operates on a private snapshot and only sees committed changes made before it started. This allows SI to deliver high throughput and improved scalability, making it a preferred choice for systems with many concurrent read-heavy operations. However, despite these benefits, SI is not free from challenges. One of the most critical issues facing Snapshot Isolation is its inability to prevent certain anomalies, particularly write skew and phantom reads, which can lead to non-serializable executions. More significantly, SI systems are increasingly facing huge numbers of deadlocks in high-contention environments. These deadlocks are often the result of multiple transactions trying to commit conflicting updates to shared data items. Because SI allows transactions to run without waiting, conflicts are often only detected at commit time, resulting in aborted transactions and a growing rate of deadlocks. In distributed databases, this problem is further magnified due to the coordination needed between multiple nodes and the increased likelihood of concurrent writes on the same data partitions. As the system scales to handle more nodes and users, the deadlock rate under SI can rise dramatically. Unlike traditional deadlocks, which are typically caused by cyclic waits on locks, SI deadlocks occur due to concurrent commits conflicting under the “first-committer-wins” rule, where only one transaction can proceed, and others must abort. To address these limitations, some systems have adopted Serializable Snapshot Isolation (SSI), which extends SI by tracking dependencies between transactions to detect dangerous structures that could lead to serialization anomalies. SSI can reduce deadlocks and aborts by preventing non-serializable schedules before they commit, providing stronger consistency guarantees. However, this comes at the cost of increased complexity and overhead in tracking and managing these dependencies. Overall, while SI offers performance benefits, its rising deadlock rates in distributed and high-contention workloads highlight the need for enhanced concurrency control mechanisms like SSI or hybrid models that combine performance with correctness guarantees.
Published In Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2022
Published On 2022-05-04
Cite This Enhancing Deadlock Management in Distributed Databases using Serializable Snapshot Isolation - Vipul Kumar Bondugula - IJLRP Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2022. DOI 10.70528/IJLRP.v3.i5.1547
DOI https://doi.org/10.70528/IJLRP.v3.i5.1547
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9hnpb
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